What you are observing is a map of the 500x500 km patches that contain any mesothermal climate in Köppen’s classification. In general terms, mesothermal zones correspond to areas with mild winters and warm to hot summers, often with distinct wet/dry seasons.
You might want to check: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mesothermal
The dot describes a slightly retrograde orbit of inclination: 98.62° and constant altitude: 786 km. Provided you spend quite a while watching, you'll see it slowly precessing eastwards at an approximate rate of 0.05° per orbit, which are roughly the orbital parameters of a Sentinel-2 satellite.